In 2019 it was the only state to improve its scores. Its fourth graders have moved from 49th (out of 50 states) to 29th on the National Assessment of Educational Progress, a nationwide exam. Since then Mississippi has seen remarkable gains. In a state once notorious for its low reading scores, the Mississippi state legislature passed new literacy standards in 2013. Mississippi, often a laggard in social policy, has set an example here. “It has to be systematic and explicitly taught.” “You can’t sprinkle in a little phonics,” says Tenette Smith, executive director of elementary education and reading at Mississippi’s education department. Most teachers today, almost three out of four according to a survey by the EdWeek Research Centre in 2019, use a mix called “balanced literacy”. Others support an immersive approach (using pictures of a cat to learn the word cat), known as “whole language”. Some advocate teaching symbol-sound relationships (the sound k can be spelled as c, k, ck, or ch), known as phonics.
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